Kuronga kukuru kwanonoka. Mukuru wepurogiramu anotora zororo rekurwara. Mutengi wako wepamoyo achangobva kutumira meseji achikumbira chipo chaifanira kupihwa neChipiri chapfuura. Ndiani ane nguva yekufunganya nezvemafuta ekuzora ari kudonha zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kumashure kweCNC lathe, kana kuti uchifunga kana ruzha rudiki rwaunonzwa kubva panzvimbo yemichina yakatambanudzwa rwuchireva dambudziko respindle?
Izvi zvinonzwisisika. Munhu wese akabatikana, asi kuregeredza kugadzirisa muchina hakuna kufanana nekutyaira uchienda kubasa kana simba revhiri rekumashure rekuruboshwe rakaderera zvishoma. Mutengo wekukundikana kuchengetedza michina yeCNC nguva dzose uye zvakakwana wakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mari yekugadzirisa isingadzivisike asi isingatarisirwi. Izvi zvinogona kureva kuti ucharasikirwa nekururama kwezvikamu, kupfupisa hupenyu hwematurusi, uye pamwe mavhiki ekushanda usina kurongwa paunenge wakamirira zvikamu kubva kunze kwenyika.
Kudzivisa zvese izvi kunotanga nerimwe remabasa ari nyore kufungidzira: kupukuta michina pakupera kweshifiti yega yega. Izvi ndizvo zvakataurwa naKanon Shiu, mainjiniya wezvigadzirwa nemabasa kuChevalier Machinery Inc. muSanta Fe Springs, California, achiti varidzi vematurusi emuchina vakawanda vanogona kuita zvirinani pachirongwa ichi chekuchenesa imba. "Kana ukasachengeta muchina wakachena, zvichakonzera matambudziko," akadaro.
Kufanana nevakawanda vavaki, Chevalier inoisa mapombi emvura pairimachira epurasitikiuyenzvimbo dzekugadzira michinaIzvi zvinofanira kunge zvakanaka pakupfapfaidza mhepo yakamanikidzwa pamusoro pemuchina, nekuti wekupedzisira anogona kuputira marara madiki uye mafine munzvimbo yemugero. Kana akashongedzerwa nemidziyo yakadaro, chip conveyor nebhandi re conveyor zvinofanira kuchengetwa zvakavhurika panguva yekushanda kwemuchina kudzivirira kuungana kwemachipisi. Zvikasadaro, machipisi akaunganidzwa anogona kukonzera kuti mota imire uye ikuvare painotangazve. Sefa inofanira kucheneswa kana kutsiviwa nguva nenguva, pamwe chete nepani yemafuta nemvura yekucheka.
"Zvese izvi zvine chekuita nekukurumidzira kwatinoita kuti muchina utange kushanda zvakare kana wava kuda kugadziriswa," akadaro Shiu. "Patakasvika panzvimbo iyi uye michina yacho yakasviba, zvakatora nguva yakareba kuti tiigadzirise. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mainjiniya vanogona kuchenesa nzvimbo yakakanganiswa muhafu yekutanga yekushanya vasati vatanga kuona dambudziko. Mugumisiro wacho hausi wekuti dambudziko ringangoitika, uye zvinogona kukonzera mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa."
Shiu anokurudzirawo kushandisa muchina wekubvisa mafuta kubva mupoto yemafuta yemuchina. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitikawo kuna Brent Morgan. Semainjiniya wekushandisa paCastrol Lubricants muWayne, New Jersey, anobvumirana kuti kukwesha mafuta, kugadzirisa matangi emafuta nguva dzose, uye kutarisa pH uye huwandu hwemvura inochekwa nguva dzose zvichabatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwemuchina unotonhodza, pamwe nehupenyu hwezvishandiso zvekucheka uye kunyange michina.
Zvisinei, Morgan inopawo nzira yekugadzirisa mvura yekucheka otomatiki inonzi Castrol SmartControl, iyo inogona kukanganisa kukura kwechero workshop inoda kuisa mari musystem yekutonhodza iri pakati nepakati.
Akatsanangura kuti SmartControl yakatangwa "inenge gore." Yakagadzirwa pamwe chete nekambani inogadzira maindasitiri yeTiefenbach, uye yakagadzirirwa zvitoro zvine system yepakati. Kune mhando mbiri. Dzese dzinogara dzichitarisa mvura inochekwa, dzinotarisa huwandu, pH, conductivity, tembiricha, uye flow rate, nezvimwewo, uye dzinozivisa mushandisi kana imwe yadzo ichida kutariswa. Mhando dzepamusoro dzinogona kugadzirisa otomatiki mamwe eaya mavalues - kana iine huwandu hwakaderera, SmartControl inowedzera concentrate, sekunge ichagadzirisa pH nekuwedzera buffers sezvinodiwa.
"Vatengi vanofarira masisitimu aya nekuti hapana matambudziko ane chekuita nekucheka kuchengetedza mvura," akadaro Morgan. "Munongoda kutarisa rambi rechiratidzo uye kana paine chisina kumira zvakanaka, ndapota torai matanho akakodzera. Kana paine internet connection, mushandisi anogona kuitarisa ari kure. Kunewo hard drive iri mubhodhi inogona kuchengetedza mazuva makumi matatu ekucheka nhoroondo yemabasa ekugadzirisa mvura."
Zvichienderana nemafambiro ari kuitwa tekinoroji yeIndustry 4.0 neIndustrial Internet of Things (IIoT), masisitimu ekutarisa ari kure akadaro ari kuramba achiwanda. Semuenzaniso, Kanon Shiu weChevalier akataura nezve iMCS (Intelligent Machine Communication System) yekambani. Kufanana nemasisitimu ese akadaro, inounganidza ruzivo nezvemabasa akasiyana-siyana ane chekuita nekugadzira. Asi zvakakoshawo kugona kwayo kuona tembiricha, kudedera uye kunyange kuroverana, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha kune avo vane basa rekugadzirisa muchina.
Guy Parenteau ane hunyanzviwo pakuongorora zviri kure. Maneja wemainjiniya weMethods Machine Tools Inc., Sudbury, Massachusetts, akataura kuti kuongorora zviri kure kwemuchina kunobvumira vagadziri nevatengi kuti vagadzire nzira dzekushanda, idzo dzinogona kushandiswa nemaitiro ehungwaru hwekugadzira kuti vaone mafambiro emagetsi. Shandisa nzira yekufanotaura, inova tekinoroji inogona kuvandudza OEE (kushanda zvakanaka kwemuchina).
"Maworkshop akawanda ari kushandisa software yekutarisa mashandiro emuchina kuti anzwisise uye agadzirise mashandiro emuchina," akadaro Parenteau. "Nhanho inotevera ndeyekuongorora maitiro ekupfeka kwezvikamu, shanduko yemutoro weservo, kukwira kwekushisa, nezvimwewo mudata remuchina. Paunoenzanisa maitiro aya nemaitiro kana muchina wacho uri mutsva, unogona kufanotaura kutadza kwemota kana kuzivisa mumwe munhu kuti spindle bearing yava kuda kudonha."
Akataura kuti ongororo iyi ine nzira mbiri. Nekodzero dzekushandisa network, vagovanisi kana vagadziri vanogona kutarisa zvinodiwa nevatengi.CNC, sezvinoita FANUC inoshandisa sisitimu yayo yeZDT (zero downtime) kuita ongororo dzehutano dziri kure pamarobhoti. Iyi ficha inogona kuzivisa vagadziri nezvematambudziko angangoitika uye kuvabatsira kuona nekubvisa zvikanganiso zvechigadzirwa.
Vatengi vasingade kuvhura maports mufirewall (kana kubhadhara mari yebasa) vanogona kusarudza kutarisa data racho vega. Parenteau akati hapana dambudziko neizvi, asi akawedzera kuti vavaki vanowanzo kwanisa kuona zviri nani matambudziko ekugadzirisa nekushanda pachine nguva. "Vanoziva kugona kwemuchina kana robhoti. Kana paine chinhu chinopfuura kukosha kwakafanotaurwa, vanogona kuridza alarm kuratidza kuti dambudziko riri kuuya, kana kuti mutengi anogona kusunda muchina zvakanyanya."
Kunyangwe pasina nzira yekupinda iri kure, kugadzirisa michina kwave nyore uye kwava nehunyanzvi kupfuura kare. Ira Busman, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri webasa revatengi kuOkuma America Corp. muCharlotte, North Carolina, anotaura nezvemota itsva nemarori semuenzaniso. "Kombiyuta yemota ichakuudza zvese, uye mune dzimwe mhando, ichatoronga musangano nemutengesi wako," akadaro. "Indasitiri yezvishandiso zvemichina iri kumashure panyaya iyi, asi iva nechokwadi chekuti iri kufamba nenzira imwe chete."
Aya mashoko akanaka, nekuti vanhu vazhinji vakabvunzurudzwa munyaya ino vanobvumirana pane chimwe chinhu: basa rechitoro rekuchengetedza michina hariwanzo gutsa. Kune varidzi vezvishandiso zvemuchina weOkuma vari kutsvaga rubatsiro pabasa iri rinonetsa, Busman akanongedzera kuApp Store yekambani. Inopa mawidget ezviyeuchidzo zvekugadzirisa zvakarongwa, mabasa ekutarisa nekudzora, zviziviso zvealamu, nezvimwewo. Akati sevamwe vagadziri vezvishandiso zvemuchina nevagovanisi, Okuma iri kuedza kuita kuti hupenyu hwechitoro huve nyore sezvinobvira. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, Okuma inoda kuita kuti "huve hwakangwara sezvinobvira." Sezvo masensa akavakirwa paIIoT achiunganidza ruzivo nezve mabheringi, mamota, nezvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi, mabasa emotokari atsanangurwa kare ari kusvika pachokwadi mumunda wekugadzira. Kombiyuta yemuchina inoramba ichiongorora data iri, ichishandisa njere dzekugadzira kuti ione kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza kushanda.
Zvisinei, sezvakataurwa nevamwe, kuva nepfungwa yekutanga yekuenzanisa kwakakosha. Busman akati: "Kana Okuma inogadzira spindle yeimwe yenzvimbo dzayo dzemachira kana machining, tinounganidza hunhu hwekudengenyeka, tembiricha, uye kumhanya kubva kuspindle. Zvadaro, algorithm iri mu controller inogona kutarisa izvi uye kana yasvika pane yakatarwa Kana nguva yasvika, controller ichazivisa mushandi wemuchina kana kutumira alarm kune system yekunze, ichivaudza kuti tekinoroji ingangoda kuunzwa."
Mike Hampton, nyanzvi yekuvandudza bhizinesi reOkuma mushure mekutengesa, akati mukana wekupedzisira - yambiro kune system yekunze - uchiri dambudziko. "Ndinofungidzira kuti chikamu chidiki chete cheMichina yeCNCzvakabatana neInternet,” akadaro. “Sezvo indasitiri iri kuramba ichivimba nedata, izvi zvichave dambudziko guru.
"Kuunzwa kwe5G nedzimwe tekinoroji dzemafoni kunogona kuvandudza mamiriro acho ezvinhu, asi zvichiri kuramba - kunyanya vashandi veIT vevatengi vedu - kubvumira michina yavo kuti isvike kure," Hampton akaenderera mberi. "Saka kunyange zvazvo Okuma nedzimwe makambani vachida kupa mabasa ekugadzirisa michina nekukurumidza uye kuwedzera kutaurirana nevatengi, kubatana kuchiri chipingamupinyi chikuru."
Zuva iroro risati rasvika, workshop inogona kuwedzera nguva yekushanda uye kunaka kwezvikamu nekuronga nguva dzose kuongororwa kwehutano hwemidziyo yayo nekushandisa zvimiti zve cue kana laser calibration systems. Izvi ndizvo zvakataurwa naDan Skulan, maneja mukuru we industrial metrology kuWest Dundee Renishaw, Illinois. Anobvumirana nevamwe vakabvunzurudzwa munyaya ino kuti kugadzira baseline pakutanga kwehupenyu hwechishandiso chemuchina chikamu chakakosha chechirongwa chekuchengetedza chekudzivirira. Chero kutsauka kubva pane baseline iyi kunogona kushandiswa kuona zvikamu zvakasakara kana zvakakuvara uye mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. "Chikonzero chekutanga chinoita kuti zvishandiso zvemuchina zvirasikirwe nekunyatsorongeka kwenzvimbo ndechekuti hazvina kuiswa zvakachengeteka, hazvina kuenzana nemazvo, uye zvinozoongororwa nguva nenguva," akadaro Skulan. "Izvi zvichaita kuti michina yemhando yepamusoro ishande zvisina kunaka. Pane kudaro, zvichaita kuti michina isina kunyanya kugadzikana iite semichina inodhura zvikuru. Hapana mubvunzo kuti leveling ndiyo inonyanya kudhura uye iri nyore kuita."
Muenzaniso unozivikanwa unobva kumutengesi wematurusi emuchina muIndiana. Paaigadzira nzvimbo yemichina yakamira, mainjiniya wekushandisa ipapo akaona kuti yakanga yaiswa zvisirizvo. Akafonera Skulan, uyo akauya neimwe yemasisitimu eQC20-W ballbar ekambani.
"X-axis neY-axis zvakatsauka neanenge 0.004 inches (0.102 mm). Kuongorora nekukurumidza ne level gauge kwakasimbisa fungidziro yangu yekuti muchina hauna kuenzana," akadaro Skulan. Mushure mekuisa ballbar mu repeat mode, vanhu vaviri vanosimbisa zvishoma nezvishoma ejector rod yega yega vachichinjana kusvika muchina waenzana zvakakwana uye positioning accuracy iri mukati me 0.0002″ (0.005 mm).
Mabhora ebhora akakodzera zvikuru kuona mativi emuchina uye matambudziko akafanana, asi pakugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvine chekuita nekururama kwemichina yemagetsi, nzira yakanakisisa yekuona ilaser interferometer kana multi-axis calibrator. Renishaw inopa akasiyana-siyana masisitimu akadaro, uye Skulan inokurudzira kuti ashandiswe pakarepo mushure mekunge muchina waiswa, uye ozoshandiswa nguva dzose zvichienderana nerudzi rwekugadzirisa kwakaitwa.
“Ngatitii muri kugadzira zvikamu zvemadhaimani zveJames Webb Space Telescope, uye munofanira kuchengetedza kushivirira mukati memananometer mashoma,” akadaro. “Muchiitiko ichi, munogona kuongorora calibration musati macheka chimwe nechimwe. Kune rumwe rutivi, chitoro chinogadzirisa zvikamu zveskateboard kuita zvidimbu zvishanu kana kuti zvidiki chinogona kuramba chichishanda nemari shoma; mukuona kwangu, izvi zvinoitwa kanenge kamwe chete pagore, chero bedzi muchina wacho wagadziriswa uye wagadziriswa padanho rakati twasu.”
Ballbar iri nyore kushandisa, uye mushure mekudzidziswa, zvitoro zvakawanda zvinogonawo kuita laser calibration pamichina yavo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika pamichina mitsva, iyo inowanzo kuve nebasa rekuisa kukosha kwemukati meCNC. Kune maworkshop ane maturusi akawanda emuchina uye/kana nzvimbo dzakawanda, software inogona kutevera kugadziriswa. Munyaya yaSkulan, iyi iRenishaw Central, iyo inounganidza nekuronga data kubva kuCARTO laser measurement software yekambani.
Kune maworkshop asina nguva, zviwanikwa, kana asingade kugadzirisa michina, Hayden Wellman, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri mukuru weAbsolute Machine Tools Inc. muLorraine, Ohio, ane timu inogona kuita izvozvo. Kufanana nevazhinji vanogovera, Absolute inopa mapurogiramu akasiyana-siyana ekuchengetedza, kubva kubronze kusvika kusirivha kusvika kugoridhe. Absolute inopawo masevhisi e-single-point akadai sepitch error compensation, servo tuning, uye laser-based calibration and alignment.
"Kune maworkshop asina hurongwa hwekuchengetedza, tichaita mabasa ezuva nezuva akadai sekuchinja mafuta ehydraulic, kutarisa kana mhepo yabuda, kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzisina chinhu, uye kuona kuti muchina wacho wakamira zvakanaka," akadaro Wellman. "Kune zvitoro zvinogadzirisa izvi zvega, tine ma lasers ese nezvimwe zvishandiso zvinodiwa kuti mari yavo irambe ichishanda sezvakarongwa. Vamwe vanhu vanozviita kamwe chete pagore, vamwe vanozviita kashoma, asi chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vanozviita kakawanda."
Wellman akataura nezvemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, akadai sekukuvara kwemugwagwa kunokonzerwa nekuvhara kwemafuta, uye kutadza kwespindle nekuda kwemvura yakasviba kana zvisimbiso zvakasakara. Hazvidi kufungidzira kwakawanda kufanotaura mhedzisiro yekukundikana kwekugadzirisa uku. Zvisinei, akataura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu anowanzo shamisa varidzi vezvitoro: vashandi vemichina vanogona kubhadhara michina isina kuchengetwa zvakanaka uye kuironga kuti igadzirise matambudziko ekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa. "Pakupedzisira, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anova akaipa zvekuti muchina unomira kushanda, kana kuti zvakatoipa, mushandi anorega, uye hapana anogona kufunga kuti ogadzira sei zvikamu zvakanaka," akadaro Wilman. "Chero nzira, zvichazopedzisira zvaunza mari yakawanda kuchitoro kupfuura zvavagara vachiita hurongwa hwakanaka hwekugadzirisa."
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-22-2021